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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack is different, it becomes a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that's as it ought to be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each the documents you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to get a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just Clicking Here fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with page anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.